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E elpillion 30; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;) |
E elpillion 30; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;) |
||
− | 10 |
+ | 10 dozillion 33; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;) |
− | 11 |
+ | 11 undozillion 36; (etc...) |
− | 12 |
+ | 12 duodozillion 39 |
− | 13 |
+ | 13 tredozillion 40 |
− | 14 |
+ | 14 quattuordozillion 43 |
− | 15 |
+ | 15 quindozillion 46 |
− | 16 |
+ | 16 sexdozillion 49 |
− | 17 |
+ | 17 septendozillion 50 |
− | 18 |
+ | 18 octodozillion 53 |
− | 19 |
+ | 19 novemdozillion 56 |
− | 1X |
+ | 1X dekradozillion 59 |
− | 1E |
+ | 1E elpindozillion 60 |
− | 20 |
+ | 20 vigintillion 63 |
21 unvigintillion 66 |
21 unvigintillion 66 |
Revision as of 08:04, 22 February 2019
The Harmonic System is one of variations of the Universal Unit System.
1 The Universal Unit System
By surprising coincidences, if the dozenal number system is used to express the speed of light in vacuum and the quantum of action as the defining constants such that these constants are strictly multiples of integer powers of twelve of the unit quantities, it is possible to construct a coherent unit system in which not only the constant that was used in the definition but also the Rydberg constant, the Bohr radius, the unified atomic mass unit, and half the value of the Planck length can be approximated to about or within an error of 2 per gross (11/2%) by a multiple of integer powers of twelve of the unit quantities.
In that case, many other physical constants, including the charge and mass of an electron, the fine structure constant, the molar volume of an ideal gas under standard conditions, the black-body radiation at the ice point, the density and surface tension of water, and others, can be approximated by multiples of integer powers of twelve of the unit quantities. Moreover, by adding the Boltzmann constant and using it in the definition of thermodynamic temperature, the gas constant of an ideal gas can be approximated by a multiple of an integer power of twelve of the unit quantity and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and the specific heat of water can be approximated by multiples of integer powers of twelve of the unit quantities with a factor 2 remaining.
For putting these coincidences to use, the dozenal number system is the only choice.
We define the Universal Unit System as “the unit system that is constructed by using the dozenal number system and the speed of light in vacuum, the quantum of action, and the Boltzmann constant as the defining constants in such a way that these constants become strict multiples of integer powers of twelve of the unit quantities, and the Rydberg constant, the unified atomic mass unit, the Bohr radius, and half the value of the Planck length can be approximated by multiples of integer powers of twelve of the unit quantities”.
(Please refer to dozenal.com for the overall Universal Unit System. The notation of this article is in principle according to footnote 1 of revised.pdf.)
2 Definition of the Harmonic System
The Harmonic System is conceptually designed and strictly defined as following:
2.1 Conceptual design
'Conceptual design' is the system design that prescribes the rough quantity of the units to constitute a unit system conceptually.
The Harmonic System concept is '35G=c0=ħ=kB=ZP=1' .(See also here(Wikipedia Talk:Planck_units).)
The Harmonic System is conceptually designed to express the following quantities as multiples of integer powers of twelve of the corresponding unit quantities.
- 2E;(35.) times Newtonian gravitational constant (35G)
- speed of light in a vacuum (c0)
- quantum of action (ħ)
- Boltzmann constant (kB)
- Planck impedance (ZP)
2.2 Strict definition
'Strict definition' is the system definition that corresponds strictly to the theoretical equations that a unit system is based on.
The Harmonic System is strictly defined to express the following quantities as the corresponding unit quantities.
- 100,1700; cycle over Rydberg constant
- 10;-8 times speed of light in a vacuum
- 10;+26; times quantum of action
- 10;+20; times Boltzmann constant
- Planck impedance
3 Units
All the units which have special names peculiar to the Harmonic System are listed as following:
3.1 Length
harmon [hm] - 272.352206 mm, 10.7225278 inches (8 / 9 feet, difference 0.52%)
This is slightly shorter than 1/1000,0000; of the quadrant meridian length of the Earth(=279.136507 mm, difference 2.5%).
Volume of a cube whose side is half harmon (i.e. cubic half harmon) is 2/3 U.S. liquid gallon.(difference 0.06%) Water in this volume includes about 100;10; H2O molecules.(see section 3.3)
100. yards equal 240; harmons.(difference 0.08%)
1 megalithic yard equals about 3 harmons.
3.2 Physical time
nic [nc] - 390.625115 ms (25./64. SI seconds, almost exact)
This is almost 1/1000; of the difference of the length of one Julian year and one mean tropical year.(difference 0.14% at the beginning of year 1900.)
100,000. SI seconds(difference 2.8%), 10,0000; nics(almost exact), and 1 ⅛ days are nearly equal.
1 harmon / nic (=atol [al]) equals 2.51 km / hour. (almost exact)
See also chapter 4.
3.3 Mass
looloh [ℓℓ] - 131.829287 g, 4.65014126 ounces
This is slightly lighter than 1/100; of the mass of water in one cubic harmon capacity.(difference 6.4%)
On the other hand, this is slightly heavier than 1/100; of the mass of ice in the same capacity.(difference 2.4%)
'looloh' is named for the fact that it is 100;10; times unified atomic mass unit.(almost exact) It means that Avogadro constant is expressed by 100;10; times unit quantity(=reciprocal universal mol) of the Harmonic System.
The universal gravitational force between 2 mass points 5 loolohs and 7 loolohs put unit length apart is 10;-8 times force unit.
When we use the Harmonic System, temperature rises twice the unit temperature if we give water of the unit mass 'looloh' heat of the unit energy.(almost exact)
3.4 Impedance
nohm [nh, Ωn] - 29.9792458 Ω(exact)
This is the Planck impedance itself. The unit name 'nohm' is an abbreviation of 'natural ohm'.
The coulomb force between unit electric charges put unit length apart is 10;8 times force unit.
Relations of the electric and magnetic quantities in the Universal Unit System are shown as follows, where Ω2 is total solid angle of the spherical surface(see this ref):
Supplemental comments
These difference percentages show us that the Harmonic System is a kind of dozenalized metric system.
(See also '[Addition]' part of this article.)
Using the Harmonic System, many constants can be approximated by 2n×10;m times the unit quantity, where n = 0 or ±1 and m ∈ integer. The quadrant meridian length and gravitational acceleration of the Earth, the density and specific heat of water, which are used in the past for definition of units, are also included in these constants.
Please refer to this table and online converter for other units.
4 Time unit concepts
The Harmonic System distinguishes 'calendar time' from 'physical time' as a different concept.
4.1 Physical time
This quantity is time which flows uniformly from a viewpoint of physics.
'nic' is the physical time unit of the Harmonic System, and is on the natural time scale ladder of 'powers of twelve'.
The greatest common divisor of one tropical year and one day is 2-7 days, which is also equivalent to about 1000; nics.
4.2 Calendar time
This quantity is the coordinated mean rotation angle of the Earth derived by using the direction of the Sun as a coordinate origin, and its dimension is not time but plain angle.
The dimension of ratio of physical time and calendar time is [time / plain angle], which means the period length of one mean solar day. Because of tidal friction, this length is not constant and becomes longer little by little.
The unit that should be dozenal divisions of mean solar day is calendar time rather than physical time.
Because physical length of mean solar day is not constant but variable, the relation of mean solar day and any unit of physical time will collapse by all means in the future.
'day', as a unit, is equivalent to plain angle of total circumference.
The Harmonic System adopts 'day' as a unit of calendar time corresponding to one mean solar day, and uses the calendar time unit structure shown on the right figure.
5 Number counting
The Universal Unit System recommends the dozenal myriad system.
When units of the Harmonic System are combined with Systematic Dozenal Nomenclature, only powers divisible with 4 or -1, -2, and -3 should be used. In this situation, dozen(10;), gross(100;) and doz gross(1000;) are used in substitution for powers 1, 2, and 3.
Also, the dozenal short scale system (dozenal thousand system):
(n) (n-illion) (number of zeros: 3n+3) (value: 10;3n+3)
1 million 6 (1,000,000;)
2 billion 9 (1,000,000,000;)
3 trillion 10; (1,000,000,000,000;)
4 quadrillion 13; (1,000,000,000,000,000;)
5 quintillion 16; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
6 sextillion 19; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
7 septillion 20; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
8 octillion 23; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
9 nonillion 26; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
X dekrillion 29; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
E elpillion 30; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
10 dozillion 33; (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;)
11 undozillion 36; (etc...)
12 duodozillion 39
13 tredozillion 40
14 quattuordozillion 43
15 quindozillion 46
16 sexdozillion 49
17 septendozillion 50
18 octodozillion 53
19 novemdozillion 56
1X dekradozillion 59
1E elpindozillion 60
20 vigintillion 63
21 unvigintillion 66
22 duovigintillion 69
23 trevigintillion 70
24 quattuorvigintillion 73
25 quinvigintillion 76
26 sexvigintillion 79
27 septenvigintillion 80
28 octovigintillion 83
29 novemvigintillion 86
2X dekravigintillion 89
2E elpinvigintillion 90
30 trigintillion 93
31 untrigintillion 96
32 duotrigintillion 99
33 tretrigintillion X0
34 quattuortrigintillion X3
35 quintrigintillion X6
36 sextrigintillion X9
37 septentrigintillion E0
38 octotrigintillion E3
39 novemtrigintillion E6
3X dekratrigintillion E9
3E elpintrigintillion 100
40 quadragintillion 103
41 unquadragintillion 106
42 duoquadragintillion 109
43 trequadragintillion 110
44 quattuorquadragintillion 113
45 quinquadragintillion 116
46 sexquadragintillion 119
47 septenquadragintillion 120
48 octoquadragintillion 123
49 novemquadragintillion 126
4X dekraquadragintillion 129
4E elpinquadragintillion 130
50 quinquagintillion 133
51 unquinquagintillion 136
52 duoquinquagintillion 139
53 trequinquagintillion 140
54 quattuorquinquagintillion 143
55 quinquinquagintillion 146
56 sexquinquagintillion 149
57 septenquinquagintillion 150
58 octoquinquagintillion 153
59 novemquinquagintillion 156
5X dekraquinquagintillion 159
5E elpinquinquagintillion 160
60 sexagintillion 163
61 unsexagintillion 166
62 duosexagintillion 169
63 tresexagintillion 170
64 quattuorsexagintillion 173
65 quinsexagintillion 176
66 sexsexagintillion 179
67 septensexagintillion 180
68 octosexagintillion 183
69 novemsexagintillion 186
6X dekrasexagintillion 189
6E elpinsexagintillion 190
70 septuagintillion 193
71 unseptuagintillion 196
72 duoseptuagintillion 199
73 treseptuagintillion 1X0
74 quattuorseptuagintillion 1X3
75 quinseptuagintillion 1X6
76 sexseptuagintillion 1X9
77 septenseptuagintillion 1E0
78 octoseptuagintillion 1E3
79 novemseptuagintillion 1E6
7X dekraseptuagintillion 1E9
7E elpinseptuagintillion 200
80 octogintillion 203
81 unoctogintillion 206
82 duooctogintillion 209
83 treoctogintillion 210
84 quattuoroctogintillion 213
85 quinoctogintillion 216
86 sexoctogintillion 219
87 septenoctogintillion 220
88 octooctogintillion 223
89 novemoctogintillion 226
8X dekraoctogintillion 229
8E elpinoctogintillion 230
90 nonagintillion 233
91 unnonagintillion 236
92 duononagintillion 239
93 trenonagintillion 240
94 quattuornonagintillion 243
95 quinnonagintillion 246
96 sexnonagintillion 249
97 septennonagintillion 250
98 octononagintillion 253
99 novemnonagintillion 256
9X dekranonagintillion 259
9E elpinnonagintillion 260
X0 dekragintillion 263
X1 undekragintillion 266
X2 duodekragintillion 269
X3 tredekragintillion 270
X4 quattuordekragintillion 273
X5 quindekragintillion 276
X6 sexdekragintillion 279
X7 septendekragintillion 280
X8 octodekragintillion 283
X9 novemdekragintillion 286
XX dekradekragintillion 289
XE elpindekragintillion 290
E0 elpagintillion 293
E1 unelpagintillion 296
E2 duoelpagintillion 299
E3 treelpagintillion 2X0
E4 quattuorelpagintillion 2X3
E5 quinelpagintillion 2X6
E6 sexelpagintillion 2X9
E7 septenelpagintillion 2E0
E8 octoelpagintillion 2E3
E9 novemelpagintillion 2E6
EX dekraelpagintillion 2E9
EE elpinelpagintillion 300
100 centillion 303
(there is no consistent and widely accepted way to extend cardinals beyond centillion)
For the dozenal long scale system (dozenal million system), "n" should be corresponding to 6n (106n) instead of 3n+3 (103n+3), and 6n+3 can be either "thousand n-illion" or "n-illiard".