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English number words include numerals and various words derived from them.

Cardinal Numbers[]

Cardinal numbers refer to the size of a group. In English, these words are numerals. The numbers from 0 through 9 have the same names as in decimal but numbers greater than 9, there is no agreed upon name for units.

  • 0 - zero (nought) (sometimes pronouced as "oh" in speech)
  • 1 - one
  • 2 - two
  • 3 - three
  • 4 - four
  • 5 - five
  • 6 - six
  • 7 - seven
  • 8 - eight
  • 9 - nine
  • 𝛘 - ten, dek
  • Ɛ - eleven, el, elv, lev, ven
  • 10 - twelve, dozen, doh, zen, unqua
  • 20 - twenty, two-doh
  • 30 - thirty, three-doh
  • 𝛘0 - dekty, dek-doh
  • Ɛ0 - elty, el-doh
  • 100 - hundred, gross
  • 1000 - thousand, great-gross, mo

Ɛ has numerous names because eleven's (decimal name for Ɛ) etymology originates from a Germanic compound ainlif meaning "one left" thus, is a decimal name rather than a dozenal name. The word lev for Ɛ is not advised as lev is a root in SDN and would cause confusion e.g. levqua = 10;E but lev levqua could mean either 10;EE or Ɛ 10;E

For larger numbers, there are approximately 𝛘 different systems. The following table show the following names for larger numbers:

Type Traditional Gross-Zagier Vintage DSA Grand Alternative Grand TGM SDN UUS - Myriads UUS - Prefix Mirioss
Power Grouping 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 Powers of 2 Mixture 4
Power of 10;
1 twelve dozen doh doh doh zen unqua dozen dozen
2 gross gross gro grosan grosan duna biqua gross hecty
3 great gross / grand gross / maß (germanic) zagier mo unand / grand monand trina triqua kily
4 great great gross quedra quadqua myriad super mirioss
5 quena pentqua
6 bi-zagier bi-mo binand dyand hesa hexqua
7 seva septqua
8 aka octqua myllion cosmic birioss
9 tri-zagier tri-mo triand triand neena ennqua
𝛘 dexa dekqua
Ɛ lefa levqua
10 quad-zagier quad-mo quadrand tetrand zennila unnilqua tirioss
11 zenzena ununqua
12 zenduna unbiqua
13 pent-zagier pent-mo pentand penta zentrina untriqua
14 zenquedra unquadqua byllion by-cosmic quirioss
15 zenquena unpentqua
16 hex-zagier hex-mo hexand hexand zenhesa unhexqua
17 zenseva unseptqua
18 zenaka unoctqua pentirioss
19 sept-zagier sept-mo septand septand zenneena unennqua
1𝛘 zendexa undekqua
zenlefa unlevqua
20 oct-zagier oct-mo octand octand dunduna binilqua hexirioss
21 dunzena biunqua
22 dunduna bibiqua
23 non-zagier enna-mo ennand nonand duntrina bitriqua
24 dunquedra biquadqua septirioss
25 dunquena bipentqua
26 dek-zagier dek-mo dekand dekand dunhesa bihexqua
27 dunseva biseptqua
28 dunaka bioctqua tryllion try-cosmic okkirioss
29 lev-zagier lev-mo levand venand dunneena biennqua
2𝛘 dundexa bidekqua
dunlefa bilevqua
30 un-nil-zagier un-nil-mo unniland monniland trinnila trinilqua nokkirioss
31 trinzena triunqua
32 trinduna tribiqua
33 un-un-zagier un-un-mo ununand mondyand trintrina tritriqua
34 trinquedra triquadqua dekirioss
35 trinquena tripentqua
36 un-bi-zagier un-bi-mo unbiand mondyand trinhesa trihexqua
37 trinseva triseptqua
38 trinaka trioctqua elkirioss
39 un-tri-zagier un-tri-mo untriand montriand trinneena triennqua
3𝛘 trindexa tridekqua
trinlefa trilevqua minikirioss
40 un-quad-zagier un-quad-mo unquadrand montetrand quedranila quadnilqua

The following text will use the Grand system, Ten for X, and Elv for E

In English, all numbers are perfectly regular, except for the word doh on its own can have no one in front of it (10 = doh / one-doh).

If a number is in the range 11; to EE;, and the second digit is not zero, you typically write the number in words separated by a hyphen.

20 two-doh
21 two-doh-one
32 three-doh-two
79 seven-doh-nine
ƐƐ elv-doh-elv

The grosans are written in the following fashion:

100 one grosan
200 two grosan
... ...
Ɛ00 elv grosan

So too are the unands, with the number of unands followed by the word "unand"

1000 one unand
2000 two unand
... ...
Ɛ000 elv unand
10 000 doh unand
11 000 doh-one unand
87 000 eight-doh-seven unand

For high powers of doh, the same conversion is used for biand, triand, quadrand, etc.

And example number such as 63E 014 791 62X; can be written in english as the following: six grosan three-doh-elv doh-four biand seven-grosan nine-doh-one unand six-grosan two-doh-ten

Dozenal

Short scale[]

Sets of 3 zeros

(n) (n-illion) (number of zeros: 3n+3) (value: 103n+3)

1 million 6 (1,000,000)

2 billion 9 (1,000,000,000)

3 trillion 10 (1,000,000,000,000)

4 quadrillion 13 (1,000,000,000,000,000)

5 quintillion 16 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000)

6 sextillion 19 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

7 septillion 20 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

8 octillion 23 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

9 nonillion 26 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

𝛘 dekrillion 29 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

Ɛ elpillion 30 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

10 dozillion 33 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

11 undozillion 36 (etc...)

12 duodozillion 39

13 tredozillion 40

14 quattuordozillion 43

15 quindozillion 46

16 sexdozillion 49

17 septendozillion 50

18 octodozillion 53

19 novemdozillion 56

1𝛘 dekradozillion 59

1Ɛ elpindozillion 60

20 vigintillion 63

21 unvigintillion 66

22 duovigintillion 69

23 trevigintillion 70

24 quattuorvigintillion 73

25 quinvigintillion 76

26 sexvigintillion 79

27 septenvigintillion 80

28 octovigintillion 83

29 novemvigintillion 86

2𝛘 dekravigintillion 89

2Ɛ elpinvigintillion 90

30 trigintillion 93

31 untrigintillion 96

32 duotrigintillion 99

33 tretrigintillion X0

34 quattuortrigintillion X3

35 quintrigintillion X6

36 sextrigintillion X9

37 septentrigintillion E0

38 octotrigintillion E3

39 novemtrigintillion E6

3𝛘 dekratrigintillion E9

3Ɛ elpintrigintillion 100

40 quadragintillion 103

41 unquadragintillion 106

42 duoquadragintillion 109

43 trequadragintillion 110

44 quattuorquadragintillion 113

45 quinquadragintillion 116

46 sexquadragintillion 119

47 septenquadragintillion 120

48 octoquadragintillion 123

49 novemquadragintillion 126

4𝛘 dekraquadragintillion 129

4Ɛ elpinquadragintillion 130

50 quinquagintillion 133

51 unquinquagintillion 136

52 duoquinquagintillion 139

53 trequinquagintillion 140

54 quattuorquinquagintillion 143

55 quinquinquagintillion 146

56 sexquinquagintillion 149

57 septenquinquagintillion 150

58 octoquinquagintillion 153

59 novemquinquagintillion 156

5𝛘 dekraquinquagintillion 159

5Ɛ elpinquinquagintillion 160

60 sexagintillion 163

61 unsexagintillion 166

62 duosexagintillion 169

63 tresexagintillion 170

64 quattuorsexagintillion 173

65 quinsexagintillion 176

66 sexsexagintillion 179

67 septensexagintillion 180

68 octosexagintillion 183

69 novemsexagintillion 186

6𝛘 dekrasexagintillion 189

6Ɛ elpinsexagintillion 190

70 septuagintillion 193

71 unseptuagintillion 196

72 duoseptuagintillion 199

73 treseptuagintillion 1X0

74 quattuorseptuagintillion 1X3

75 quinseptuagintillion 1X6

76 sexseptuagintillion 1X9

77 septenseptuagintillion 1E0

78 octoseptuagintillion 1E3

79 novemseptuagintillion 1E6

7𝛘 dekraseptuagintillion 1E9

7Ɛ elpinseptuagintillion 200

80 octogintillion 203

81 unoctogintillion 206

82 duooctogintillion 209

83 treoctogintillion 210

84 quattuoroctogintillion 213

85 quinoctogintillion 216

86 sexoctogintillion 219

87 septenoctogintillion 220

88 octooctogintillion 223

89 novemoctogintillion 226

8𝛘 dekraoctogintillion 229

8Ɛ elpinoctogintillion 230

90 nonagintillion 233

91 unnonagintillion 236

92 duononagintillion 239

93 trenonagintillion 240

94 quattuornonagintillion 243

95 quinnonagintillion 246

96 sexnonagintillion 249

97 septennonagintillion 250

98 octononagintillion 253

99 novemnonagintillion 256

9𝛘 dekranonagintillion 259

9Ɛ elpinnonagintillion 260

𝛘0 dekragintillion 263

𝛘1 undekragintillion 266

𝛘2 duodekragintillion 269

𝛘3 tredekragintillion 270

𝛘4 quattuordekragintillion 273

𝛘5 quindekragintillion 276

𝛘6 sexdekragintillion 279

𝛘7 septendekragintillion 280

𝛘8 octodekragintillion 283

𝛘9 novemdekragintillion 286

𝛘𝛘 dekradekragintillion 289

𝛘Ɛ elpindekragintillion 290

Ɛ0 elpagintillion 293

Ɛ1 unelpagintillion 296

Ɛ2 duoelpagintillion 299

Ɛ3 treelpagintillion 2X0

Ɛ4 quattuorelpagintillion 2X3

Ɛ5 quinelpagintillion 2X6

Ɛ6 sexelpagintillion 2X9

Ɛ7 septenelpagintillion 2E0

Ɛ8 octoelpagintillion 2E3

Ɛ9 novemelpagintillion 2E6

Ɛ𝛘 dekraelpagintillion 2E9

ƐƐ elpinelpagintillion 300

100 centillion 303

(there is no consistent and widely accepted way to extend cardinals beyond centillion)

Centillion (10303) is second largest named number after googolplex (1010100) and the largest number with a conventional name.

For long scale, "n" should be corresponding to 6n (106n) instead of 3n+3 (103n+3), and 6n+3 can be either "thousand n-illion" or "n-illiard". Besides, for super-long scale, "n" should be corresponding to 10n (1010n) instead of 3n+3 (103n+3), and 10n+3 is "thousand n-illion", 10n+6 is "n-illiard", 10n+9 is "thousand n-illiard".

We can name all numbers <= 306 digits in short scale, all numbers <= 606 digits in long scale, and all numbers <= 1010 digits in super-long scale.

The numbers < 109 (i.e. <= 9 digits) have the same names in all of these three scales.

The small units are "onety" (instead of "ten") for 101 and "hundred" for 102, besides, for super-long scale, 106 is still "million", but 1010 is a new word "unillion", and 1016 is "unilliard".

0 zero

1 one

2 two

3 three

4 four

5 five

6 six

7 seven

8 eight

9 nine

𝛘 dek

Ɛ el

10 onety

20 twenty

30 thirty

40 forty

50 fifty

60 sixty

70 seventy

80 eighty

90 ninety

𝛘0 dekty

Ɛ0 elty

100 one hundred

1000 one thousand

Numbers 0 to 100[]

0: zero (zeroth) (0th)

1: one (first) (1st)

2: two (second) (2nd)

3: three (third) (3rd)

4: four (fourth) (4th)

5: five (fifth) (5th)

6: six (sixth) (6th)

7: seven (seventh) (7th)

8: eight (eighth) (8th)

9: nine (ninth) (9th)

𝛘: dek (dekth) (Xth)

Ɛ: el (elth) (Eth)

10: onety (onetieth) (10th) ten? tenth? doz? dozth? dozen? dozenth?

11: onety-one (onety-first) (11st) oneteen? oneteenth? 11th? onedoz? onedozth?

12: onety-two (onety-second) (12nd) twenteen? twenteenth? 12th? twendoz? twendozth?

13: onety-three (onety-third) (13rd) thirteen? thirteenth? 13th? thirdoz? thirdozth?

14: onety-four (onety-fourth) (14th) fourteen? fourteenth? fourdoz? fourdozth?

15: onety-five (onety-fifth) (15th) fifteen? fifteenth? fifdoz? fifdozth?

16: onety-six (onety-sixth) (16th) sixteen? sixteenth? sixdoz? sixdozth?

17: onety-seven (onety-seventh) (17th) seventeen? seventeenth? sevendoz? sevendozth?

18: onety-eight (onety-eighth) (18th) eighteen? eighteenth? eightdoz? eightdozth?

19: onety-nine (onety-ninth) (19th) nineteen? nineteenth? ninedoz? ninedozth?

1𝛘: onety-dek (onety-dekth) (1Xth) dekteen? dekteenth? dekdoz? dekdozth?

1Ɛ: onety-el (onety-elth) (1Eth) elteen? elteenth? eldoz? eldozth?

20: twenty (twentieth) (20th)

21: twenty-one (twenty-first) (21st)

22: twenty-two (twenty-second) (22nd)

23: twenty-three (twenty-third) (23rd)

24: twenty-four (twenty-fourth) (24th)

25: twenty-five (twenty-fifth) (25th)

26: twenty-six (twenty-sixth) (26th)

27: twenty-seven (twenty-seventh) (27th)

28: twenty-eight (twenty-eighth) (28th)

29: twenty-nine (twenty-ninth) (29th)

2𝛘: twenty-dek (twenty-dekth) (2Xth)

2Ɛ: twenty-el (twenty-elth) (2Eth)

30: thirty (thirtieth) (30th)

31: thirty-one (thirty-first) (31st)

32: thirty-two (thirty-second) (32nd)

33: thirty-three (thirty-third) (33rd)

34: thirty-four (thirty-fourth) (34th)

35: thirty-five

36: thirty-six

37: thirty-seven

38: thirty-eight

39: thirty-nine

3𝛘: thirty-dek

3Ɛ: thirty-el

40: forty

41: forty-one

42: forty-two

43: forty-three

44: forty-four

45: forty-five

46: forty-six

47: forty-seven

48: forty-eight

49: forty-nine

4𝛘: forty-dek

4Ɛ: forty-el

50: fifty

51: fifty-one

52: fifty-two

53: fifty-three

54: fifty-four

55: fifty-five

56: fifty-six

57: fifty-seven

58: fifty-eight

59: fifty-nine

5𝛘: fifty-dek

5Ɛ: fifty-el

60: sixty

61: sixty-one

62: sixty-two

63: sixty-three

64: sixty-four

65: sixty-five

66: sixty-six

67: sixty-seven

68: sixty-eight

69: sixty-nine

6𝛘: sixty-dek

6Ɛ: sixty-el

70: seventy

71: seventy-one

72: seventy-two

73: seventy-three

74: seventy-four

75: seventy-five

76: seventy-six

77: seventy-seven

78: seventy-eight

79: seventy-nine

7𝛘: seventy-dek

7Ɛ: seventy-el

80: eighty

81: eighty-one

82: eighty-two

83: eighty-three

84: eighty-four

85: eighty-five

86: eighty-six

87: eighty-seven

88: eighty-eight

89: eighty-nine

8𝛘: eighty-dek

8Ɛ: eighty-el

90: ninety

91: ninety-one

92: ninety-two

93: ninety-three

94: ninety-four

95: ninety-five

96: ninety-six

97: ninety-seven

98: ninety-eight

99: ninety-nine

9𝛘: ninety-dek

9Ɛ: ninety-el

𝛘0: dekty

𝛘1: dekty-one

𝛘2: dekty-two

𝛘3: dekty-three

𝛘4: dekty-four

𝛘5: dekty-five

𝛘6: dekty-six

𝛘7: dekty-seven

𝛘8: dekty-eight

𝛘9: dekty-nine

𝛘𝛘: dekty-dek

𝛘Ɛ: dekty-el

Ɛ0: elty

Ɛ1: elty-one

Ɛ2: elty-two

Ɛ3: elty-three

Ɛ4: elty-four

Ɛ5: elty-five

Ɛ6: elty-six

Ɛ7: elty-seven

Ɛ8: elty-eight

Ɛ9: elty-nine

Ɛ𝛘: elty-dek

ƐƐ: elty-el

100: one hundred (one hundredth) (100th)

A system of dozenal (duodecimal) numerals[]

Use "." instead of ";" for the dozenal point

This numeral system can be used of the nonnegative integers < 101010. (i.e. <= 1010 digits).

This is the super-long scale.

(In this list, all numbers are written in dozenal)

number name
0 zero(〇/零)
1 one(一/壹)
2 two(二/貳)
3 three(三/叄)
4 four(四/䦉)
5 five(五/伍)
6 six(六/陸)
7 seven(七/柒)
8 eight(八/捌)
9 nine(九/玖)
𝛘 dek(丁/躂)(dā)
Ɛ el(乂/薆)(ài)
10 onety(十/拾)
11 onety-one
12 onety-two
13 onety-three
14 onety-four
15 onety-five
16 onety-six
17 onety-seven
18 onety-eight
19 onety-nine
1𝛘 onety-dek
onety-el
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
23 twenty-three
24 twenty-four
25 twenty-five
26 twenty-six
27 twenty-seven
28 twenty-eight
29 twenty-nine
2𝛘 twenty-dek
twenty-el
30 thirty
31 thirty-one
32 thirty-two
33 thirty-three
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
𝛘0 dekty
Ɛ0 elty
100 one hundred(一百/壹佰)
101 one hundred one
102 one hundred two
103 one hundred three
110 one hundred onety
111 one hundred onety-one
200 two hundred
300 three hundred
400 four hundred
500 five hundred
600 six hundred
700 seven hundred
800 eight hundred
900 nine hundred
𝛘00 dek hundred
Ɛ00 el hundred
1000 one thousand(一千/壹仟)
1001 one thousand one
1010 one thousand onety
1011 one thousand onety-one
1100 one thousand one hundred
1101 one thousand one hundred one
1110 one thousand one hundred onety
1111 one thousand one hundred onety-one
2000 two thousand
3000 three thousand
10000 onety thousand(一万/壹萬)
100000 one hundred thousand
106 one million
107 onety million
108 one hundred million
109 one thousand million
10𝛘 onety thousand million
10Ɛ one hundred thousand million
1010 one unillion
1011 onety unillion
1012 one hundred unillion
1013 one thousand unillion
1014 onety thousand unillion
1015 one hundred thousand unillion
1016 one unilliard
1017 onety unilliard
1018 one hundred unilliard
1019 one thousand unilliard
101𝛘 onety thousand unilliard
101𝛘 one hundred thousand unilliard
1020 one billion
1021 onety billion
1022 one hundred billion
1023 one thousand billion
1024 onety thousand billion
1025 one hundred thousand billion
1026 one billiard
1027 onety billiard
1028 one hundred billiard
1029 one thousand billiard
102𝛘 onety thousand billiard
10 one hundred thousand billiard
1030 one trillion
1036 one trilliard
1040 one quadrillion
1046 one quadrilliard
1050 one quintillion
1056 one quintilliard
1060 one sextillion
1066 one sextilliard
1070 one septillion
1080 one octillion
1090 one nonillion
10𝛘0 one dekrillion
10Ɛ0 one elpillion
10100 one dozillion (one googol)
10110 one undozillion
10120 one duodozillion
10130 one tredozillion
10140 one quattuordozillion
10150 one quindozillion
10160 one sexdozillion
10170 one septendozillion
10180 one octodozillion
10190 one novemdozillion
101𝛘0 one dekradozillion
101Ɛ0 one elpindozillion
10200 one vigintillion
10210 one unvigintillion
10220 one duovigintillion
10230 one trevigintillion
10300 one trigintillion
10400 one quadragintillion
10500 one quinquagintillion
10600 one sexagintillion
10700 one septuagintillion
10800 one octogintillion
10900 one nonagintillion
10Ɛ00 one dekragintillion
10Ɛ00 one elpagintillion
101000 one centillion

SI prefixes of powers of 10:

This is the new SI prefix.(but as of 2023)

(In this list, all numbers are written in dozenal)

number prefix name prefix symbol number prefix name prefix symbol
101 doza D 10−1 dozi d
102 hecto H 10−2 centi c
103 kilo K 10−3 milli m
106 mega M 10−6 micro µ
109 giga G 10−9 nano n
1010 sona S 10−10 leco l
1020 jota J 10−20 bipo b
1030 ceta C 10−30 eto e
1040 tera T 10−40 pico p
1050 peta P 10−50 femto f
1060 exa E 10−60 atto a
1070 zetta Z 10−70 zepto z
1080 yotta Y 10−80 yocto y
1090 ronna R 10−90 ronto r
10𝛘0 quekra Q 10−𝛘0 quekto q
10Ɛ0 velpera V 10−Ɛ0 velpeto v
10100 uzena U 10−100 uzeno u
101000 tousa O 10−1000 touto o

Example[]

The number 2100 = 16,25𝛘,715,4𝛘6,93E,005,208,8Ɛ9,747,1ƐƐ,𝛘06,409,854 that has 35 digits.

In short scale, this number is

onety-six dozillion two hundred fifty-dek elpillion seven hundred onety-five dekrillion four hundred dekty-six nonillion nine hundred thirty-el octillion five septillion two hundred eight sextillion eight hundred elty-nine quintillion seven hundred forty-seven quadrillion one hundred elty-el trillion dek hundred six billion four hundred nine million six hundred ninety-el thousand eight hundred fifty-four

In long scale, this number is

onety-six thousand two hundred fifty-dek sextillion seven hundred onety-five thousand four hundred dekty-six quintillion nine hundred thirty-el thousand five quadrillion two hundred eight thousand eight hundred elty-nine trillion seven hundred forty-seven thousand one hundred elty-el billion dek hundred six thousand four hundred nine million six hundred ninety-el thousand eight hundred fifty-four

or

onety-six sextilliard two hundred fifty-dek sextillion seven hundred onety-five quintillion’s four hundred dekty-six quintillion nine hundred thirty-el quadrilliard five quadrillion two hundred eight trilliard eight hundred elty-nine trillion seven hundred forty-seven billiard one hundred elty-el billion dek hundred six milliard four hundred nine million six hundred ninety-el thousand eight hundred fifty-four

In super-long scale, this number is

onety-six thousand two hundred fifty-dek trillion seven hundred onety-five thousand four hundred dekty-six billiard nine hundred thirty-el thousand five billion two hundred eight thousand eight hundred elty-nine unilliard seven hundred forty-seven thousand one hundred elty-el unillion dek hundred six thousand four hundred nine million six hundred ninety-el thousand eight hundred fifty-four

In fact, the number 1043 is simply read out as "onety to the forty-third". This is easier to say and less ambiguous than "quattuordozillion", which means something different in the long scale and the short scale (in long scale, it means 1080).

The googol family[]

googol = 10^100

bigoogol = 10^200

trigoogol = 10^300

quadrigoogol = 10^400

quintigoogol = 10^500

sextigoogol = 10^600

septigoogol = 10^700

octigoogol = 10^800

nonigoogol = 10^900

dekrigoogol = 10^X00

elpigoogol = 10^E00

dozigoogol (great googol) = 10^1000

centigoogol = 10^10000

googolplex = 10^(10^100)

googolplexplex (googolduplex, googolplexian) = 10^(10^(10^100))

Also googoltriplex (=10^(10^(10^(10^100)))), googolquadriplex, googolquintiplex, googolsextiplex, googolseptiplex, googoloctiplex, googolnoniplex, googoldekriplex, googolelpiplex, googoldoziplex, ..., googolcentiplex

Note: n-plex is 10n, n-minex is 10-n.

100 = gross

1000 = great gross

10^100 = googol (grossplex)

10^1000 = great googol (great grossplex)

SI prefixes[]

Prefix Base 1000 Base 10 Dozenal English word
Name Symbol Short scale Long scale
yotta Y  10008 1020 1 000000 000000 000000 000000  septillion  quadrillion
zetta Z  10007 1019 1000 000000 000000 000000  sextillion  trilliard
exa E  10006 1016 1 000000 000000 000000  quintillion  trillion
peta P  10005 1013 1000 000000 000000  quadrillion  billiard
tera T  10004 1010 1 000000 000000  trillion  billion
giga G  10003 109 1000 000000  billion  milliard
mega M  10002 106 1 000000  million
kilo k  10001 103 1000  thousand
hecto h  10000.8 102 100  hundred
deca da / D  10000.4 101 10  onety
 10000 100 1  one
deci d  1000−0.4 10−1 0.1  onetieth
centi c  1000−0.8 10−2 0.01  hundredth
milli m  1000−1 10−3 0.001  thousandth
micro μ  1000−2 10−6 0.000001  millionth
nano n  1000−3 10−9 0.000000 001  billionth  milliardth
pico p  1000−4 10−10 0.000000 000001  trillionth  billionth
femto f  1000−5 10−13 0.000000 000000 001  quadrillionth  billiardth
atto a  1000−6 10−16 0.000000 000000 000001  quintillionth  trillionth
zepto z  1000−7 10−19 0.000000 000000 000000 001  sextillionth  trilliardth
yocto y  1000−8 10−20 0.000000 000000 000000 000001  septillionth  quadrillionth

List of number names[]

1 = One

10 = Onety

100 = One hundred

1000 = One thousand

1000000 = One million

1000000000 = One billion

1000000000000 = One trillion

1000000000000000 = One quadrillion

1000000000000000000 = One quintillion

1000000000000000000000 = One sextillion

1000000000000000000000000 = One septillion

1000000000000000000000000000 = One octillion

1000000000000000000000000000000 = One nonillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000 = One dekrillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One elpillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One dozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One undozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One duodozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One tredozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One quattuordozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One quindozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One sexdozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One septendozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One octodozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One novemdozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One dekradozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One elpindozillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One vigintillion

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One googol (the number 1 followed by 100 zeros)

1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 = One centillion (the number 1 followed by 303 zeros)

One googolplex = The number 1 followed by a googol zeros (there literally isn't enough room in the universe to write this number).

Table of dozenal numerals[]

The value of “n-illion” is 103n+3 in short scale, 106n in long scale, and 1010n in super-long scale.

There is no consistent and widely accepted way to extend cardinals beyond centillion (centilliard).

(In this list, all numbers are written in dozenal)

Value English

(short scale, original)

every new term is 103 times as large as the previous term (n-illion is 103n+3)

English

(long scale, original)

every new term is 106 times as large as the previous term (n-illion is 106n)

English

(super-long scale, new)

every new term is 1010 times as large as the previous term (n-illion is 1010n)

Original SI prefix

Original SI symbol

New SI prefix

New SI symbol

中文(萬進) 中文(兆進)(不使用佛經詞)

中文(SI單位名稱)

中文(SI單位全名)

101000 (3EE-illion) (200-illion) centillion
10603 (200-illion) thousand centillion (centilliard)
10602
10601
10600 (1EE-illion) centillion sexagintillion
10303 centillion thousand sexagintillion (sexagintilliard)
10302
10301
10300 elpinelpagintillion sexagintillion trigintillion
10203 octogintillion thousand quadragintillion (quadragintilliard)
10202
10201
10200 elpinseptuagintillion quadragintillion vigintillion 大數大數大數大數 極極
10193 septuagintillion thousand sextrigintillion (sextrigintilliard)
10192
10191
10190 elpinsexagintillion sextrigintillion novemdozillion 澗大數大數大數 補極
10163 sexagintillion thousand trigintillion (trigintilliard)
10162
10161
10160 elpinquinquagintillion trigintillion sexdozillion 大數大數大數 溝極
10133 quinquagintillion thousand sexvigintillion (sexvigintilliard)
10132
10131
10130 elpinquadragintillion sexvigintillion tredozillion 澗大數大數 垓極
10103 quadragintillion thousand vigintillion (vigintilliard)
10102
10101
10100 elpintrigintillion (googol) vigintillion (googol) dozillion (googol) Uzena U 大數大數(古高爾) 極(古高爾)
10E0 septentrigintillion dekradozillion elpillion Velpa V 那由他大數
10X0 tretrigintillion octodozillion dekrillion Wekra W 極大數
1093 trigintillion thousand sexdozillion (sexdozilliard)
1092
1091
1090 elpinvigintillion sexdozillion nonillion Xona X 澗大數
1080 septenvigintillion quattuordozillion octillion Yocta Y 秭大數
107E
107X
1079 sexvigintillion thousand tredozillion (tredozilliard)
1078 垓大數
1077
1076 quinvigintillion tredozillion septilliard
1075
1074 京大數
1073 quattuorvigintillion thousand duodozillion (duodozilliard)
1072
1071
1070 trevigintillion duodozillion septillion Zepta Z 兆大數
106E
106X
1069 duovigintillion thousand undozillion (undozilliard)
1068 億大數
1067
1066 unvigintillion undozillion sextilliard
1065
1064 萬大數
1063 vigintillion thousand dozillion (dozilliard)
1062
1061
1060 elpindozillion dozillion sextillion Exa E 大數
105E
105X
1059 dekradozillion thousand elpillion (elpilliard)
1058 無量
1057
1056 novemdozillion elpillion quintilliard
1055
1054 不可思議
1053 octodozillion thousand dekrillion (dekrilliard)
1052
1051
1050 septendozillion dekrillion quintillion Peta P 那由他
104E
104X
1049 sexdozillion thousand nonillion (nonilliard)
1048 阿僧歧
1047
1046 quindozillion nonillion quadrilliard
1045
1044 恆河沙
1043 quattuordozillion thousand octillion (octilliard)
1042
1041
1040 tredozillion octillion quadrillion Tera T
103E
103X
1039 duodozillion thousand septillion (septilliard)
1038
1037
1036 undozillion septillion trilliard
1035
1034
1033 dozillion thousand sextillion (sextilliard)
1032
1031
1030 elpillion sextillion trillion Uzena U Rina R
102E hundred dekrillion hundred thousand quintillion (hundred quintilliard) hundred thousand billiard 千溝 千億京
102X onety dekrillion onety thousand quintillion (onety quintilliard) onety thousand billiard 百溝 百億京
1029 dekrillion thousand quintillion (quintilliard) thousand billiard Velpa V 十溝 十億京
1028 hundred nonillion hundred quintillion hundred billiard 億京
1027 onety nonillion onety quintillion onety billiard 千穰 千萬京
1026 nonillion quintillion billiard Wecra W 百穰 百萬京
1025 hundred octillion hundred thousand quadrillion (hundred quadrilliard) hundred thousand billion 十穰 十萬京
1024 onety octillion onety thousand quadrillion (onety quadrilliard) onety thousand billion 萬京
1023 octillion thousand quadrillion (quadrilliard) thousand billion Xona X 千秭 千京
1022 hundred septillion hundred quadrillion hundred billion 百秭 百京
1021 onety septillion onety quadrillion onety billion 十秭 十京
1020 septillion quadrillion billion Yotta Y Jota J 堯(佑) 堯它
101E hundred sextillion hundred thousand trillion (hundred trilliard) hundred thousand unilliard 千垓 千億兆
101X onety sextillion onety thousand trillion (onety trilliard) onety thousand unilliard 百垓 百億兆
1019 sextillion thousand trillion (trilliard) thousand unilliard Zetta Z 十垓 十億兆 澤(皆) 澤它
1018 hundred quintillion hundred trillion hundred unilliard 億兆
1017 onety quintillion onety trillion onety unilliard 千京 千萬兆
1016 quintillion trillion unilliard Exa E 百京 百萬兆 艾可薩
1015 hundred quadrillion hundred thousand billion (hundred billiard) hundred thousand unillion 十京 十萬兆
1014 onety quadrillion onety thousand billion (onety billiard) onety thousand unillion 萬兆
1013 quadrillion thousand billion (billiard) thousand unillion Peta P 千兆 千兆 拍它
1012 hundred trillion hundred billion hundred unillion 百兆 百兆
1011 onety trillion onety billion onety unillion 十兆 十兆
1010 trillion billion unillion Tera T Sona S 太(兆) 太拉
10E hundred billion hundred thousand million (hundred milliard) hundred thousand million 千億 千億
10X onety billion onety thousand million (onety milliard) onety thousand million 百億 百億
109 billion thousand million (milliard) thousand million Giga G Giga G 十億 十億 吉咖
108 hundred million hundred million hundred million
107 onety million onety million onety million 千萬 千萬
106 million million million Mega M Mega M 百萬 百萬 兆(百萬)
105 hundred thousand hundred thousand hundred thousand 十萬 十萬
104 onety thousand onety thousand onety thousand
103 thousand thousand thousand Kilo k Kilo K
102 hundred hundred hundred Hecto h Hecto H
101 doz doz doz Doza D (da) Doza D
100 one (unit) one (unit) one (unit) 一(個) 一(個)
10-1 dozth dozth dozth dozi d dozi d
10-2 hundredth hundredth hundredth centi c centi c
10-3 thousandth thousandth thousandth milli m milli m
10-4
10-5
10-6 millionth millionth millionth micro μ micro μ
10-7
10-8
10-9 nano n nano n 納(奈) 納諾
10-X
10-E
10-10 pico p heno h 皮可
10-11 模糊
10-12 逡巡
10-13 femto f 須臾 飛母托
10-14 瞬息
10-15 彈指
10-16 atto a 剎那 阿托
10-17 六德
10-18 虛空
10-19 zepto z 清靜 仄(介) 仄普托
10-1X 阿賴耶
10-1E 阿摩羅
10-20 yocto y bipo b 涅槃寂靜 么(攸) 么科托

Larger number (beyond centillion)[]

This system is for short scale, for long scale, the number 10^n (n≥9) should be changed to 10^(2n−6), and for super-long scale, the number 10^n (n≥9) should be changed to 10^(4n−10) (e.g. “Micrillion” in long scale is 10^6000000, and “Micrillion” in super-long scale is 10^10000000).

Million - 1,000,000

Billion - 1,000,000,000

Trillion - 10^10

Quadrillion - 10^13

Quintillion - 10^16

Sextillion - 10^19

Septillion - 10^20

Octillion - 10^23

Nonillion - 10^26

Dekrillion - 10^29

Elpillion - 10^30

Dozillion - 10^33

Undozillion - 10^36

Duodozillion - 10^39

Tredozillion - 10^40

Quattuordozillion - 10^43

Quindozillion - 10^46

Sexdozillion - 10^49

Septendozillion - 10^50

Octodozillion - 10^53

Novemdozillion - 10^56

Dekradozillion - 10^59

Elpindozillion - 10^60

Vigintillion - 10^63

Trigintillion - 10^93

Googol - 10^100 - shown for comparison

Quadragintillion - 10^103

Quinquagintillion - 10^133

Sexagintillion - 10^163

Septuagintillion - 10^193

Octogintillion - 10^203

Nonagintillion - 10^233

Dekragintillion - 10^263

Elpagintillion - 10^293

Centillion - 10^303

Cenuntillion - 10^306

Cendotillion - 10^309

Centretillion - 10^310

Duocentillion - 10^603

Trecentillion - 10^903

Quadringentillion - 10^1003

Quingentillion - 10^1303

Sescentillion - 10^1603

Septingentillion - 10^1903

Octingentillion - 10^2003

Nongentillion - 10^2303

Dekringentillion - 10^2603

Elpingentillion - 10^2903

Millillion - 10^3003

Myrillion - 10^30003

Micrillion - 10^3000003

Nanillion - 10^3billion3

Picillion - 10^3trillion3

Femtillion - 10^3quadrillion3

Attillion - 10^3quintillion3

Zeptillion - 10^3sextillion3

Yoctillion - 10^3septillion3

Xonillion - 10^3octillion3

Wekrillion - 10^3nonillion3

Velpillion - 10^3dekrillion3

Zillion - 10^3elpillion3

Mezillion - 10^3dozillion3

Duezillion - 10^3undozillion3

Trezillion - 10^3doedozillion3

Tetrezillion - 10^3tridozillion3

Pentezillion - 10^3quattuordozillion3

Hexezillion - 10^3quindozillion3

Heptezillion - 10^3sexdozillion3

Octezillion - 10^3septendozillion3

Ennezillion - 10^3octodozillion3

Dekrezillion - 10^3novemdozillion3

Elpezillion - 10^3dekradozillion3

Icosillion - 10^3elpindozillion3

Triacontillion - 10^(3x10^90+3)

Googolplex - 10^(10^100) - shown for comparison

Tetracontillion - 10^(3x10^100+3)

Pentacontillion - 10^(3x10^130+3)

Hexacontillion - 10^(3x10^160+3)

Heptacontillion - 10^(3x10^190+3)

Octacontillion - 10^(3x10^200+3)

Ennacontillion - 10^(3x10^230+3)

Dekracontillion - 10^(3x10^260+3)

Elpacontillion - 10^(3x10^290+3)

Hectillion - 10^(3x10^300+3)

Killillion - 10^(3x10^3000+3)

Megillion - 10^(3x10^3million+3)

Gigillion - 10^(3x10^3billion+3)

Terillion - 10^(3x10^3trillion+3)

Petillion - 10^(3x10^3quadrillion+3)

Exillion - 10^(3x10^3quintillion+3)

Zettillion - 10^(3x10^3sextillion+3)

Yottillion - 10^(3x10^3septillion+3)

Xennillion - 10^(3x10^3octillion+3)

Wekkillion - 10^(3x10^3nonillion+3)

Vellillion - 10^(3x10^3dekrillion+3)

Zillillion - 10^(3x10^3elpillion+3)

Another numeral system[]

X = dek

E = el / lev

10 = dozen / do

11 = dozen-one / do-one

12 = dozen-two / do-two

13 = dozen-three / do-three

20 = twodo

47 = fourdo-seven

5E = fivedo-el / fivedo-lev

80 = eightdo

92 = ninedo-two

X0 = dekdo

E0 = eldo / levdo

100 = gross

1000 = grossiad / great-gross (only for the number itself, e.g. the number 1001 is not called “one great-gross one”, it is just called “one grossiad one”)

10000 = dozen grossiad

100000 = gross grossiad

10^6 = mylliad

10^9 = grossiad mylliad

10^10 = unylliad

10^20 = bylliad

10^30 = trylliad

10^40 = quadylliad

10^50 = quinylliad

10^60 = sexylliad

10^70 = septylliad

10^80 = octylliad

10^90 = nonylliad

10^X0 = dekylliad

10^E0 = elylliad

10^100 = dozylliad

10^110 = undozylliad

10^120 = duodozylliad

10^130 = tredozylliad

10^200 = viginylliad

10^300 = triginylliad

Polygons[]

Name of polygons with n sides:

1: henagon (monogon)

2: digon

3: trigon (triangle)

4: tetragon (quadrilateral)

5: pentagon

6: hexagon

7: heptagon

8: octagon

9: enneagon

X: dekagon

E: elagon

10: decagon

11: hendecagon

12: dodecagon

13: tridecagon

14: tetradecagon

15: pentadecagon

16: hexadecagon

17: heptadecagon

18: octadecagon

19: enneadecagon

1X: dekadozagon

1E: eladozagon

20: icosagon

21: icosihenagon

22: icosidigon

23: icositrigon

24: icositetragon

25: icosipentagon

26: icosihexagon

27: icosiheptagon

28: icosioctagon

29: icosienneagon

2X: icosidekagon

2E: icosielagon

30: triacontagon

31: triacontahenagon

32: triacontadigon

33: triacontatrigon

34: triacontatetragon

35: triacontapentagon

36: triacontahexagon

37: triacontaheptagon

38: triacontaoctagon

39: triacontaenneagon

3X: triacontadekagon

3E: triacontaelagon

40: tetracontagon

41: tetracontahenagon

42: tetracontadigon

43: tetracontatrigon

44: tetracontatetragon

45: tetracontapentagon

46: tetracontahexagon

47: tetracontaheptagon

48: tetracontaoctagon

49: tetracontaenneagon

4X: tetracontadekagon

4E: tetracontaelagon

50: pentacontagon

51: pentacontahenagon

52: pentacontadigon

53: pentacontatrigon

54: pentacontatetragon

55: pentacontapentagon

56: pentacontahexagon

57: pentacontaheptagon

58: pentacontaoctagon

59: pentacontaenneagon

5X: pentacontadekagon

5E: pentacontaelagon

60: hexacontagon

61: hexacontahenagon

62: hexacontadigon

63: hexacontatrigon

64: hexacontatetragon

65: hexacontapentagon

66: hexacontahexagon

67: hexacontaheptagon

68: hexacontaoctagon

69: hexacontaenneagon

6X: hexacontadekagon

6E: hexacontaelagon

70: heptacontagon

71: heptacontahenagon

72: heptacontadigon

73: heptacontatrigon

74: heptacontatetragon

75: heptacontapentagon

76: heptacontahexagon

77: heptacontaheptagon

78: heptacontaoctagon

79: heptacontaenneagon

7X: heptacontadekagon

7E: heptacontaelagon

80: octacontagon

81: octacontahenagon

82: octacontadigon

83: octacontatrigon

84: octacontatetragon

85: octacontapentagon

86: octacontahexagon

87: octacontaheptagon

88: octacontaoctagon

89: octacontaenneagon

8X: octacontadekagon

8E: octacontaelagon

90: enneacontagon

91: enneacontahenagon

92: enneacontadigon

93: enneacontatrigon

94: enneacontatetragon

95: enneacontapentagon

96: enneacontahexagon

97: enneacontaheptagon

98: enneacontaoctagon

99: enneacontaenneagon

9X: enneacontadekagon

9E: enneacontaelagon

X0: dekacontagon

X1: dekacontahenagon

X2: dekacontadigon

X3: dekacontatrigon

X4: dekacontatetragon

X5: dekacontapentagon

X6: dekacontahexagon

X7: dekacontaheptagon

X8: dekacontaoctagon

X9: dekacontaenneagon

XX: dekacontadekagon

XE: dekacontaelagon

E0: elacontagon

E1: elacontahenagon

E2: elacontadigon

E3: elacontatrigon

E4: elacontatetragon

E5: elacontapentagon

E6: elacontahexagon

E7: elacontaheptagon

E8: elacontaoctagon

E9: elacontaenneagon

EX: elacontadekagon

EE: elacontaelagon

100: hectogon

(polygons with sides n > 100 are simply called “n-gon”)

200: dihectagon

300: trihectagon

400: tetrahectagon

500: pentahectagon

600: hexahectagon

700: heptahectagon

800: octahectagon

900: enneahectagon

X00: dekahectagon

E00: elahectagon

1000: chiliagon

10000: myriagon

106: megagon

109: gigagon

1010: teragon

1013: petagon

1016: exagon

1019: zettagon

1020: yottagon

1023: xonagon

1026: wecragon

1029: velpagon

1030: uzenagon

∞: apeirogon

Numeral systems[]

Name of numeral system with radix n:

1: unary

2: binary

3: ternary

4: quaternary

5: quinary

6: senary

7: septenary

8: octonary

9: nonary

X: dekranary

E: elpinary

10: dozenal

11: undozenal

12: duodozenal

13: tridozenal

14: quadridozenal

15: quindozenal

16: sexadozenal

17: septendozenal

18: octodozenal

19: nonadozenal

1X: dekradozenal

1E: elpindozenal

20: vigesimal

21: unvigesimal

22: duovigesimal

23: trivigesimal

24: quadrivigesimal

25: quinvigesimal

26: sexavigesimal

27: septenvigesimal

28: octovigesimal

29: nonavigesimal

2X: dekravigesimal

2E: elpinvigesimal

30: trigesimal

31: untrigesimal

32: duotrigesimal

33: tritrigesimal

34: quadritrigesimal

35: quintrigesimal

36: sexatrigesimal

37: septentrigesimal

38: octotrigesimal

39: nonatrigesimal

3X: dekratrigesimal

3E: elpintrigesimal

40: quadragesimal

41: unquadragesimal

42: duoquadragesimal

43: triquadragesimal

44: quadriquadragesimal

45: quinquadragesimal

46: sexaquadragesimal

47: septenquadragesimal

48: octoquadragesimal

49: nonaquadragesimal

4X: dekraquadragesimal

4E: elpinquadragesimal

50: quinquagesimal

51: unquinquagesimal

52: duoquinquagesimal

53: triquinquagesimal

54: quadriquinquagesimal

55: quinquinquagesimal

56: sexaquinquagesimal

57: septenquinquagesimal

58: octoquinquagesimal

59: nonaquinquagesimal

5X: dekraquinquagesimal

5E: elpinquinquagesimal

60: sexagesimal

61: unsexagesimal

62: duosexagesimal

63: trisexagesimal

64: quadrisexagesimal

65: quinsexagesimal

66: sexasexagesimal

67: septensexagesimal

68: octosexagesimal

69: nonasexagesimal

6X: dekrasexagesimal

6E: elpinsexagesimal

70: septuagesimal

71: unseptuagesimal

72: duoseptuagesimal

73: triseptuagesimal

74: quadriseptuagesimal

75: quinseptuagesimal

76: sexaseptuagesimal

77: septenseptuagesimal

78: octoseptuagesimal

79: nonaseptuagesimal

7X: dekraseptuagesimal

7E: elpinseptuagesimal

80: octogesimal

81: unoctogesimal

82: duooctogesimal

83: trioctogesimal

84: quadrioctogesimal

85: quinoctogesimal

86: sexaoctogesimal

87: septenoctogesimal

88: octooctogesimal

89: nonaoctogesimal

8X: dekraoctogesimal

8E: elpinoctogesimal

90: nonagesimal

91: unnonagesimal

92: duononagesimal

93: trinonagesimal

94: quadrinonagesimal

95: quinnonagesimal

96: sexanonagesimal

97: septennonagesimal

98: octononagesimal

99: nonanonagesimal

9X: dekranonagesimal

9E: elpinnonagesimal

X0: dekragesimal

X1: undekragesimal

X2: duodekragesimal

X3: tridekragesimal

X4: quadridekragesimal

X5: quindekragesimal

X6: sexadekragesimal

X7: septendekragesimal

X8: octodekragesimal

X9: nonadekragesimal

XX: dekradekragesimal

XE: elpindekragesimal

E0: elpagesimal

E1: unelpagesimal

E2: duoelpagesimal

E3: trielpagesimal

E4: quadrielpagesimal

E5: quinelpagesimal

E6: sexaelpagesimal

E7: septenelpagesimal

E8: octoelpagesimal

E9: nonaelpagesimal

EX: dekraelpagesimal

EE: elpinelpagesimal

100: centesimal

(numeral systems with base n > 100 are simply called “base n” or “n-ary”)

200: ducentesimal

300: trecentesimal

400: quadringentesimal

500: quingentesimal

600: sescentesimal

700: septingentesimal

800: octingentesimal

900: nongentesimal

X00: dekringentesimal

E00: elpingentesimal

1000: millesimal

Fractional numbers[]

Fraction Value Name
0.6 one half, six dozenths, (zero) point six
0.4 one third, four dozenths, (zero) point four
0.8 two thirds, eight dozenths, (zero) point eight
0.3 one quarter, one fourth, three dozenths, (zero) point three
0.9 three quarters, three fourths, nine dozenths, (zero) point nine

Chemical elements[]

This is the IUPAC name of the chemical elements:

(symbol)

0 = nil (l)

1 = un (u)

2 = bi (b)

3 = tri (t)

4 = quad (d)

5 = quin (q)

6 = sex (s)

7 = sept (p)

8 = oct (o)

9 = nona (n)

X = dek (k)

E = el (e)

If the unit digit of the atomic number is 2, 3 or 9, then use “bium”, “trium” or “nonium” instead of “biium”, “triium” or “nonaium”.

e.g. for tin (Z = 42), you can call tin "quadbiium" (element symbol Db), and for gold (Z = 67), you can call gold "sexseptium" (element symbol Sp)

IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry[]

Straight-chain alkanes take the suffix "-ane" and are prefixed depending on the number of carbon (sexium) atoms in the chain, following standard rules. The first few are:

Number of carbons (sexiums) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X E 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1X 1E 20
Prefix Mon (Meth) D (Eth) Tr (Prop) Tetr (But) Pent (Am) Hex (Capro) Hept Oct Enn Dek Lev Doz Undoz Dodoz Tridoz Tetradoz Pentadoz Hexadoz Heptadoz Octadoz Ennadoz Dekadoz Levadoz Icos

For example, the simplest alkane is CH4 monane (methane), and the nine-carbon (sexium) alkane CH3(CH2)7CH3 is named nonane. They are named with a Greek numeric prefix.

Cyclic alkanes are simply prefixed with "cyclo-": for example, C4H8 is cyclotetrane (cyclobutane) (not to be confused with tetrane (butene)) and C6H10 is cyclohexane (not to be confused with hexene).

Branched alkanes are named as a straight-chain alkane with attached alkyl groups (monyl- (methyl-), dyl- (ethyl-), tryl- (propyl-), tetryl- (butyl-), ...). They are prefixed with a number indicating the carbon (sexium) the group is attached to, counting from the end of the alkane chain. For example, (CH3)2CHCH3, commonly known as isobutane (isotetrane), is treated as a propane chain with a methyl group bonded to the middle (2) carbon (sexium), and given the systematic name 2-methylpropane (2-monyltrane). However, although the name 2-methylpropane (2-monyltrane) could be used, it is easier and more logical to call it simply methylpropane (monyltrane) – the methyl group could not possibly occur on any of the other carbon (sexium) atoms (that would lengthen the chain and result in butane (tetrane), not propane (trane)) and therefore the use of the number "2" is unnecessary.

If there is ambiguity in the position of the substituent, depending on which end of the alkane chain is counted as "1", then numbering is chosen so that the smaller number is used. For example, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (isopentane) is named 2-methylbutane (2-monyltetraane), not 3-methylbutane (3-monyltetraane).

If there are multiple side-branches of the same size alkyl group, their positions are separated by commas and the group prefixed with di-, tri-, tetra-, etc., depending on the number of branches. For example, C(CH3)4 (neopentane) is named 2,2-dimonypropane (2,2-dimethylpropane). If there are different groups, the order is (..., tetryl- (butyl-), tryl- (propyl-), dyl- (ethyl-), monyl- (methyl-)), separated by commas or hyphens. The longest possible main alkane chain is used; therefore 3-dyl-4-monylhexane (3-ethyl-4-methylhexane) instead of 2,3-didylpentane (2,3-diethylpentane), even though these describe equivalent structures. The di-, tri- etc. prefixes are ignored for the purpose of ordering of side chains (e.g. 3-dyl-2,4-dimonylpentane (3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane), not 2,4-dimonyl-3-dylpentane (2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane)).

Alkenes are named for their parent alkane chain with the suffix "-ene" and an infixed number indicating the position of the carbon (sexium) with the lower number for each double bond in the chain: CH2=CHCH2CH3 is tetr-1-ene (but-1-ene).

Multiple double bonds take the form -diene, -triene, etc., with the size prefix of the chain taking an extra "a": CH2=CHCH=CH2 is tetra-1,3-diene (buta-1,3-diene). Simple cis and trans isomers may be indicated with a prefixed cis- or trans-: cis-but-2-ene, trans-but-2-ene. However, cis- and trans- are relative descriptors. It is IUPAC convention to describe all alkenes using absolute descriptors of Z- (same side) and E- (opposite) with the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules.

Alkynes are named using the same system, with the suffix "-yne" indicating a triple bond: dyne (ethyne) (acetylene), tryne (propyne) (methylacetylene).

In Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (R-X), Halogen functional groups are prefixed with the bonding position and take the form of nono- (fluoro-), unquino- (chloro-), bielo- (bromo-), quadquino- (iodo-), etc., depending on the halogen. Multiple groups are diunquino- (dichloro-), triunquino (trichloro)-, tetraunquino (tetrachloro-) etc. (use Latin numeric prefix for the atomic number, and use Greek numeric prefix for the multiple group, to not be confused), if there are different groups, the order is by atomic number (from large to small), separated by commas or hyphens. For example, CHCl3 (chloroform) is trichloromethane. The anesthetic Halothane (CF3CHBrCl) is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane.

Alcohols (R-OH) take the suffix "-ol" with an infix numerical bonding position: CH3CH2CH2OH is tran-1-ol (propan-1-ol). The suffixes -diol, -triol, -tetraol, etc., are used for multiple -OH groups: Ethylene glycol CH2OHCH2OH is diane-1,2-diol (ethane-1,2-diol).

IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry[]

Hydrates are ionic compounds that have absorbed water. They are named as the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and -hydrate. The numerical prefixes used are listed below (see IUPAC numerical multiplier):

1. mono- 2. di- 3. tri- 4. tetra- 5. penta- 6. hexa- 7. hepta- 8. octa- 9. enna- X. deka- E. leva- 10. doza-

For example, CuSO4·5H2O is "biquinium(II) unquadate pentahydrate".

  • The Roman numbers are:

1 = I, 2 = II, 3 = III, 4 = IIV, 5 = IV, 6 = V, 7 = VI, 8 = VII, 9 = VIII, a (not written "X" to not to be confused) = IIX, b = IX, 10 = X, 11 = XI, 12 = XII, 13 = XIII, 14 = XIIV, 15 = XIV, 16 = XV, 17 = XVI, 18 = XVII, 19 = XVIII, 1a = XIIX, 1b = XIX, 20 = XX, 30 = XXX, 40 = XXL, 50 = XL, 60 = L, 70 = LX, 80 = LXX, 90 = LXXX, a0 = XXC, b0 = XC, 100 = C, 600 = D, 1000 = M

If higher precedence functional groups are present, the prefix "hydroxy" is used with the bonding position: CH3CHOHCOOH is 2-hydroxytranoic (2-hydroxypropanoic) acid.

Monatomic anions:

Cl− unquinide (chloride)
S2− unquadide (sulfide)
P3− untride (phosphide)

Polyatomic ions:

NH4+ ammonium
H3O+ hydronium
NO3− quin-septate (nitrate)
NO2− tri-septate (nitrite)
ClO− un-unquinate (hypochlorite)
ClO2− tri-unquinate (chlorite)
ClO3− quin-unquinate (chlorate)
ClO4− sept-unquinate (perchlorate)
SO32− quad-unquadate (sulfite)
SO42− sex-unquadate (sulfate)
HSO3− unium-quad-unquadate (hydrogen sulfite) (or bisulfite)
HCO3− unium-sexate (hydrogen carbonate) (or bicarbonate)
CO32− sexate (carbonate)
PO43− untrate (phosphate)
HPO42− Monohydrogen phosphatehydrogen phosphate
H2PO4− dihydrogen phosphate
CrO42− Chromate ionchromate
Cr2O72− dichromate
BO33− borate
AsO43− arsenate
C2O42− oxalate
CN− cyanide
SCN− thiocyanate
MnO4− permanganate

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